I'm afraid I can't answer your last question Rob...
But I was reading a book today (Troubles psychiques et travail salarié, 3rd one down on
this page), which clarifies the questions people were asking about what an employer can do to confirm a medical certificate.
- If the absence is prolonged, or if the employer has reasons to doubt the veracity of the proof given for that absence, they can ask the employee to undergo a medical examination.
- This examination can be carried out by a doctor directly or indirectly attached to the company, or by another doctor chosen by the worker.
- This second doctor is bound by medical confidentiality and can only state the capacity or incapacity of the employee to work.
- This second doctor cannot divulge any information on the problems which cause this incapacity.
- As a general rule, refusal to undergo a second examination is seen as a confirmation that the medical certificate in question is 'not very serious', i.e. doubtful.
- These doctors who give a second opinion are reimbursed by the employer or the insurance company (not clear which insurance company, I think it may be insurance for loss of earnings in case of illness).
The book also says that experience has shown that these doctors are 'not always above all suspicion', and says that if, as a result of such an examination, the insurance for loss of earnings stops an employees payments, that employee can fight that decision. But it doesn't say how...
Hope that helps!