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| Also if someone had a high salary, would that mean that they made bigger contributions to state pension and therfore are entitled to a bigger pension payments upon retirement? | |
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Just noticed this one - the answer is 'depends'.
The State Pension is a flat rate for everyone - if you've paid sufficient National Insurance in a year (and you would have to earn less than minimum wage not to, I think) then that year becomes a 'qualifying year' and counts towards the 30 years required for a full pension. But a full pension is only about 85 quid a week or so.
But whilst you are working and paying NIU, you also build up a personal pot of money for retirement. This has been called State Earnings Related Pension (SERPS) previously, but I believe is now the State Second Pension (SSP). This, as the name suggest, IS earnings related, but only up to a certain threshold, which I think is 30-something thousand. After that, your mega earnings don't get you any more credit.
And bear in mind that many people are opted out of the State Second Pension, either privately through a personal pension provider, or collectively as part of their company scheme.
And also bear in mind that even the SSP will still only be a small amount of money, designed to enable sufficient catfood for survival and a single bar on the electric fire once a week. It's NOT going to be a lot, truly.
First thing to do, though, is ring up the pension service in the UK. They're super nice, and will discuss things in general over the phone without the need to apply for a forecast (for example, I wanted to know how many qualifying years I had so far, and they told me that on the spot).
And while I'm posting, and in a helpful mood, I'll also add that no, setting up a business or some such doesn't give a 'stamp' for a qualifying year. For that, a person should be making voluntary contributions, based on a flat rate, or a percentage of profits, or something. These are Class 2 or 3 or something contributions - sorry, way out of my knowledge area here! But you do get a credit if you're not working but in receipt of Child Benefit (personally in receipt, not if it goes to a husband, say), and also - I think - if you're receiving a Carers benefit. It used to be called Home Responsibilities Protection, but I'm sure they'll have changed the name from that, just to keep everyone on their toes.
kodokan