I have a similar situation and can perhaps shed some fur, I mean light. My cat is going to be 17 years old next month and I've had her since she was 1.5, when I adopted her in San Francisco. She had been in California her whole life until last year when she flew from CA to Zurich. In CA, while she did meow and chirp, she never "talked" too much or really raised her voice.
Then when we moved to Zurich she started doing middle of the night yowling and howling, and during the day as well (though it wasn't as jarring because we were awake.) Sometimes when I come home and walk down my path, I can hear her clear from outside! She meows SO LOUD and if you didn't know it you'd think it was a baby crying. This means she does it when no one is even home.
I told this to my "cat expert" friend and she suggested what a previous poster suggested: that her hearing is going. It would make sense that on the 12 hour plane ride from CA to ZRH (she flew with me in the cabin btw) something in her ear canal could have been permanently damaged.
It makes sense too, that a hearing impaired cat would make loud noises and meow very frequently; they can't hear themselves.
Well, anyway, it looks like your little guy is well integrated into your home and your heart and hopefully you can find a reason/solution soon