I think the question mark at the end was a bit of a giveaway.
He was clearly asking a question.

This is exactly what the Americans did to me in the spring, and IIRC it wasn't much different from what the Swiss advised at the time. It sounds like the protocol has evolved?

I called the hotline, described my medical history and symptoms (including being asthmatic and short of breath) and was told to stay home and isolate, and only go to hospital if I was "pretty sure I was going to die".

Hand in the positive covid test for a start.

How long you can extend your time of illness without the opinion of a GP, I'm not sure as to the insurance it is not the patient who decides how badly and how long they're sick.

The OP needs a COVID test if he wants to stay two weeks home from work.

From the website (available in english) of https://coronatest.uzh.ch/en/

"If you test positive for the Coronavirus, we will provide you with a doctor’s note signing you off from work for the duration of your isolation period."

OP doesn't have that? LOL, then why saying they got covid? Because of the sneezing, coughing and the runny nose most of us have at the moment?
Yeah, well, these common colds are just no longer cool to have, are they.